https://strokiespresents.com/tags/stroking/ Fri, 17 Apr 2026 06:10:27 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/226/kendra-heart-come-from-florida-to-spit-on-your-dick-and-suck-your-balls/
]]> Thu, 04 Apr 2019 19:34:11 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/226/kendra-heart-come-from-florida-to-spit-on-your-dick-and-suck-your-balls/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/225/strokies-tattooed-sophia-grace-gives-sloppy-pov-handjob-performance/
]]> Thu, 04 Apr 2019 19:31:58 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/225/strokies-tattooed-sophia-grace-gives-sloppy-pov-handjob-performance/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/227/strokies-alora-jaymes-suck-you-dry-without-missing-even-a-single-drop/
]]> Tue, 02 Apr 2019 19:36:35 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/227/strokies-alora-jaymes-suck-you-dry-without-missing-even-a-single-drop/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/228/sexy-leprechaun-april-snow-strokes-dick-on-saint-patrick-s-day/
]]> Tue, 19 Mar 2019 19:37:58 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/228/sexy-leprechaun-april-snow-strokes-dick-on-saint-patrick-s-day/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/229/holly-hendrix-is-the-squirting-cock-stroker/
]]> Sat, 16 Mar 2019 19:39:27 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/229/holly-hendrix-is-the-squirting-cock-stroker/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/230/fallon-west-fist-fucks-until-facialized/
]]> Mon, 11 Mar 2019 19:40:51 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/230/fallon-west-fist-fucks-until-facialized/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/232/luna-leve-is-back-to-stroke-some-more-cock/
]]> Fri, 08 Mar 2019 19:44:48 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/232/luna-leve-is-back-to-stroke-some-more-cock/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/420/strokies-kacey-quinn-handjob/
]]> Tue, 27 Sep 2016 01:36:22 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/420/strokies-kacey-quinn-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/421/strokies-alura-jensen-handjob/
]]> Fri, 23 Sep 2016 01:37:31 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/421/strokies-alura-jensen-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/422/strokies-molly-mae-and-kacey-quinn-handjob/
]]> Tue, 20 Sep 2016 01:39:21 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/422/strokies-molly-mae-and-kacey-quinn-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/423/strokies-stevie-smith-handjob/
]]> Fri, 16 Sep 2016 01:40:18 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/423/strokies-stevie-smith-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/425/strokies-roxy-nicole-handjob/
]]> Fri, 09 Sep 2016 01:44:01 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/425/strokies-roxy-nicole-handjob/