https://strokiespresents.com/tags/fake-tits/ Fri, 17 Apr 2026 07:25:41 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/166/strokies-christmas-bts-with-3-naughty-elves-in-search-of-santa/
]]> Mon, 21 Dec 2020 18:18:19 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/166/strokies-christmas-bts-with-3-naughty-elves-in-search-of-santa/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/193/strokies-alix-lynx-dirty-talking-pov-handjob/
]]> Sun, 22 Dec 2019 18:45:54 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/193/strokies-alix-lynx-dirty-talking-pov-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/247/sarah-vandella-wanks-officer-s-stiff-cock/
]]> Wed, 27 Feb 2019 20:13:06 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/247/sarah-vandella-wanks-officer-s-stiff-cock/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/303/bubbly-sarah-vandella-plays-with-balls/
]]> Tue, 26 Feb 2019 22:01:35 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/303/bubbly-sarah-vandella-plays-with-balls/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/291/birthday-boy-receives-a-special-handjob-from-sarah-vandella-and-gabrielle-lane/
]]> Tue, 26 Feb 2019 21:36:15 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/291/birthday-boy-receives-a-special-handjob-from-sarah-vandella-and-gabrielle-lane/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/289/milf-ryder-skye-strokes-like-a-champ/
]]> Tue, 26 Feb 2019 21:32:13 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/289/milf-ryder-skye-strokes-like-a-champ/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/351/handjob-queen-sarah-vandella-pumps-cock/
]]> Sun, 24 Dec 2017 23:32:31 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/351/handjob-queen-sarah-vandella-pumps-cock/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/417/strokies-silvia-saige-handjob/
]]> Sat, 15 Oct 2016 01:30:21 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/417/strokies-silvia-saige-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/421/strokies-alura-jensen-handjob/
]]> Fri, 23 Sep 2016 01:37:31 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/421/strokies-alura-jensen-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/438/strokies-alyssa-lynn-handjob/
]]> Fri, 15 Jul 2016 02:08:01 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/438/strokies-alyssa-lynn-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/454/strokies-syren-de-mer-handjob/
]]> Fri, 06 May 2016 02:47:18 CDT https://strokiespresents.com/videos/454/strokies-syren-de-mer-handjob/ https://strokiespresents.com/videos/501/zoey-portland-schools-boy-toy/
]]> Wed, 17 Feb 2016 04:29:02 CST https://strokiespresents.com/videos/501/zoey-portland-schools-boy-toy/